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1.
Nutr Hosp ; 30(1): 37-41, 2014 Jul 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25137260

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: A high prevalence of stigmatizing attitude among healthcare personnel towards obese people has been reported. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the beliefs, attitudes and phobias that Mexican medical and psychology students have towards obese people. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 528 students enrolled at the Autonomous University of Baja California in psychology and medical schools. Weight, height and waist circumference were evaluated. Beliefs about obesity were assessed with the BAOP scale, attitudes towards obese people by the ATOP scale and obesity phobias by the F-scale. RESULTS: Participants achieved a mean F-scale score of 3.4. Only seven per cent showed neutral or positive attitudes towards obesity (≤2.5). Less fat phobia was associated with beliefs that obesity was not a result of the person's self-control (p = 0.0001) and had better attitudes towards obese people (p = 0.0001). Men had higher risk of fat phobia (OR = 1.5). CONCLUSIONS: High prevalence of phobias and negative attitudes towards obesity was observed. Men had higher stigma.


INTRODUCCIÓN: Se ha observado una alta frecuencia de estigmatización entre el personal de salud hacía las personas con obesidad. OBJETIVO: Evaluar las creencias, actitudes y fobias que los estudiantes de medicina y psicología tienen hacía las personas con obesidad. MÉTODOS: Se realizó un estudio transversal en 528 estudiantes de las carreras de psicología y medicina de la Universidad Autónoma de Baja California. Se evaluó el peso, la estatura y la circunferencia de cintura. Las creencias sobre obesidad fueron valoradas con la escala BAOP, las actitudes hacía las personas con obesidad mediante la escala ATOP, y la fobia hacía la obesidad con la escala F. RESULTADOS: Los participantes obtuvieron una calificación media de la escala F de 3,4. Solamente siete por ciento presentaron una actitud neutral o positive (≤2,5). Se observó una asociación entre menos fobia con el hecho de considerar que la obesidad no es el resultado absoluto del auto control de las personas (p = 0,0001) y también con una mejor actitud hacía las personas con obesidad (p = 0,0001). Los hombres presentaron más fobia hacía la obesidad que las mujeres (OR = 1,5). CONCLUSIONES: Se observó una alta prevalencia de fobia y actitudes negativas hacía las personas con obesidad. Los hombres presentaron mayor grado de estigmatización.


Assuntos
Atitude do Pessoal de Saúde , Cultura , Obesidade , Transtornos Fóbicos/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , México , Psicologia , Estudantes de Ciências da Saúde , Estudantes de Medicina , Inquéritos e Questionários , Adulto Jovem
2.
Nutr. hosp ; 30(1): 37-41, jul. 2014. tab
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-143743

RESUMO

Background: A high prevalence of stigmatizing attitude among healthcare personnel towards obese people has been reported. Objective: To evaluate the beliefs, attitudes and phobias that Mexican medical and psychology students have towards obese people. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 528 students enrolled at the Autonomous University of Baja California in psychology and medical schools. Weight, height and waist circumference were evaluated. Beliefs about obesity were assessed with the BAOP scale, attitudes towards obese people by the ATOP scale and obesity phobias by the F-scale. Results: Participants achieved a mean F-scale score of 3.4. Only seven per cent showed neutral or positive attitudes towards obesity (≤ 2.5). Less fat phobia was associated with beliefs that obesity was not a result of the person’s self-control (p = 0.0001) and had better attitudes towards obese people (p = 0.0001). Men had higher risk of fat phobia (OR = 1.5). Conclusions: High prevalence of phobias and negative attitudes towards obesity was observed. Men had higher stigma (AU)


Introducción: Se ha observado una alta frecuencia de estigmatización entre el personal de salud hacía las personas con obesidad. Objetivo: Evaluar las creencias, actitudes y fobias que los estudiantes de medicina y psicología tienen hacía las personas con obesidad. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio transversal en 528 estudiantes de las carreras de psicología y medicina de la Universidad Autónoma de Baja California. Se evaluó el peso, la estatura y la circunferencia de cintura. Las creencias sobre obesidad fueron valoradas con la escala BAOP, las actitudes hacía las personas con obesidad mediante la escala ATOP, y la fobia hacía la obesidad con la escala F. Resultados: Los participantes obtuvieron una calificación media de la escala F de 3,4. Solamente siete por ciento presentaron una actitud neutral o positive (≤ 2,5). Se observó una asociación entre menos fobia con el hecho de considerar que la obesidad no es el resultado absoluto del auto control de las personas (p = 0,0001) y también con una mejor actitud hacía las personas con obesidad (p = 0,0001). Los hombres presentaron más fobia hacía la obesidad que las mujeres (OR = 1,5). Conclusiones: Se observó una alta prevalencia de fobia y actitudes negativas hacía las personas con obesidad. Los hombres presentaron mayor grado de estigmatización (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Obesidade/psicologia , Transtornos Fóbicos/psicologia , Atitude , Estereotipagem , Estudantes/estatística & dados numéricos , Discriminação Social
3.
Nutr. hosp ; 27(6): 1894-1899, nov.-dic. 2012.
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-112171

RESUMO

Background: It has been reported that children nursed in orphanages loose one month of lineal growth for every three months they spend in the orphanage. Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the daily variation of weight- for- length and length-for-age among infants under 24 months of age, living in a temporary public orphanage in Mexico. Methods: Ninety children from 0 to 24 months of age, who were institutionalized at an orphanage, were assessed during a three month period. Upon arrival their height and weight were measured daily, Monday through Friday. Daily growth velocity for weight and length was calculated. Length-for age (LAZ) and weight-for-length (WHZ) age z- scores were calculated based on WHO criteria. Risk of overweight (ROW) and overweight (OW) were classified using the WHO criteria. Results: The increments of daily weight were lower than the normal range (9 g daily), but the ROW and OW increased from 10% and 3% at the beginning of the study to 14% and 11% at the end. At the end of the follow-up, WHZ was inversely associated to length (cm/day) velocity (r = -302, p < 0.01). Although a significant increase in ROW and OW was observed, at the end of the study, 31% of the children showed signs of stunting (-2 SD in length-age) and 5% remained emaciated (-2 SD in weight-length). Conclusions: Children living in an orphanage showed reduced increments of weight and length-for-age, as well as a reduced length velocity and an increased ROW and OW (AU)


Antecedentes: Se ha descrito que los niños de orfanatorios pierden un mes lineal por cada tres meses que residen en un orfanatorio. Objetivo: El propósito de este estudio fue evaluar la variación diaria de peso-para-talla y talla-para edad, entre infantes de menos de 24 meses de edad, que residen en un orfanatorio público temporal de México Métodos: Se valoraron durante un período de tres meses, noventa niños de 0 a 24 meses de edad, institucionalizados en un orfanatorio. Desde su ingreso se midieron diariamente la estatura y el peso de manera estandarizada, del lunes al viernes. Se calculó la velocidad de crecimiento diario del peso y la estatura. Las puntuaciones del z-score de la talla-para-edad y del peso-para-talla (zPT), se calcularon basados en los criterios de la OMS. El riesgo de sobrepeso (RSP) y el sobrepeso (SP) se clasificó de acuerdo a los criterios recomendados por la OMS. Resultados: Los aumentos diarios de peso fueron menores que el rango normal para la edad (9 g diarios), pero el RSP y el SP aumentó de 10 a 3% al inicio del estudio, a 14 y 11% al final del estudio. Al final del seguimiento, el zPT estuvo inversamente asociado a la velocidad de crecimiento (cm/dia) lineal (r = -302, p < 0,01). Aunque se observó un aumento significativo de RSP y SP, al final del estudio 31% de los niños presentaban signos de retraso de crecimiento (-2 SD de talla-para-edad) y 5% seguían emaciados (-2 SD de peso-para-edad). Conclusiones: Los niños que viven en orfanatos presentan aumentos reducidos de peso y talla para la edad, reducción de la velocidad de crecimiento lineal y un aumento de RSP y SP (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Recém-Nascido , Lactente , Peso-Estatura , Aumento de Peso/fisiologia , Sobrepeso/metabolismo , Transtornos do Crescimento/metabolismo , Obesidade/metabolismo , Transtornos da Nutrição do Lactente/metabolismo , Criança Institucionalizada/estatística & dados numéricos , Orfanatos/estatística & dados numéricos
4.
Nutr Hosp ; 27(4): 964-70, 2012.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23165531

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of long-term consumption of nuts, seeds and vegetable oil (NSO) on weight, glucose, and lipid levels. METHODS: We searched English articles published in Pubmed and Ebsco up to May 2011. Studies were included if they were randomized clinical trials, and had an intervention period of 24 or more weeks. Search terms include: "diabetes mellitus", "Nuts", "Diet Mediterranean", "Seeds", "Oils", "Canola oil", "Olive oil","Walnut", "Almond", "Pistachio", "Paleolithic diet", "High monounsaturated diet", "High polyunsaturated diet", "Soya" and "Sunflower". RESULTS: Thirteen studies met the inclusion criteria; eight studies had a 24 weeks intervention period, one had 42 weeks, one had 48 weeks, and for the other three the intervention lasted 52 or more weeks. At 24 weeks a consistent increase of HDL levels and inconsistent improvement of weight, BMI, waist to hip index, A1C, total cholesterol, LDL: HDL, LDL, triglycerides, and diastolic blood pressure was observed. Four studies with an intervention ≥ 48 weeks showed no statistical difference, and in one study a reduction of weight, BMI, waist hip index, glucose, insulin, total cholesterol, HDL: cholesterol, triglycerides, and blood pressure was observed. CONCLUSION: No evidence of long-term improvement of NSO on weight, glucose or lipids in the adult population was found.


Assuntos
Glicemia/metabolismo , Dieta , Metabolismo dos Lipídeos/fisiologia , Nozes , Óleos de Plantas , Sementes , Peso Corporal/fisiologia , Alimento Funcional , Humanos
5.
Nutr Hosp ; 27(3): 755-62, 2012.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23114940

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: The objective of this study, focused on parents and children to reduce sedentary behavior, consumption of soft drinks and high-fat and salt containing snacks, and increase the consumption of fruits and vegetables, was to assess the effect of a six month intervention and an 18 month follow-up intervention on the body mass index, food consumption and physical activity of 2nd and 3rd grade elementary school children. METHODS: This was a randomized cluster controlled trial. School children were selected from 2nd and 3rd (n = 532) grade. MEASUREMENTS: BMI z-score for age and sex was calculated and classified according to the WHO (2006). Abdominal obesity was defined as WC > 90th of NHANES III. RESULTS: At six months of the study differences were observed in BMI, -0.82 (p = 0.0001). At 24 months, results such as an increase of z-score BMI and waist circumference, a decrease in abdominal obesity, eighth per cent remission and an incidence of 18% of overweight and obesity were observed. Additionally, an increase (p = 0.007) in vegetable intake and physical activity (p = 0.0001) was also reported, along with a decrease in sedentary activities and the consumption of snacks high in fat and salt. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study indicate that with a comprehensive intervention there is a positive response to lifestyle changes and a reduction of abdominal obesity.


Assuntos
Obesidade/prevenção & controle , Antropometria , Índice de Massa Corporal , Criança , Currículo , Dieta , Ingestão de Alimentos , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Masculino , México , Pais , Tamanho da Amostra , Instituições Acadêmicas , Comportamento Sedentário , Resultado do Tratamento
6.
Nutr. hosp ; 27(5): 1415-1421, sept.-oct. 2012. ilus, tab
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-110168

RESUMO

The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review of childhood obesity interventions among Hispanic children in the United States. An electronic search was conducted to identify articles published in the PubMED, CINAHL and EBSCO databases. Keyword that used included "Latino", "Hispanic", "childhood", "obesity", "interventions". The inclusion criteria were: published in English from January 2001 to January 2012, studies equal or longer than 6 months of follow-up, Hispanic children and obesity prevention studies (RCT or Quasi-experimental studies). We found 10 studies for inclusion in this review, seven RCT and three Quasi-experimental studies, published from 2005 to January 2012. Overall, improvements in BMI and z-BMI across studies were inconsistent. Only two studies had a follow-up of 3 years, and the most recent study showed an increase in the proportion of children classified as obese. The overall quality rate of evidence with respect to reducing BMI or the prevalence of childhood obesity was low (AU)


El objetivo de este estudio fue realizar una revisión sistemática de las intervenciones para la obesidad infantil entre niños hispanos en los Estados Unidos. Se realizó una búsqueda electrónica para identificar artículos publicados en las bases de datos de PubMED, CINAHL y EBSCO. Las palabras claves utilizadas fueron "Latino" "Hispanic", "Childhood", "obesity", "interventions". Los criterios de inclusión fueron: publicados en inglés de enero de 2001 a enero de 2012, estudios con un seguimiento igual o mayor a seis meses, niños hispanos y estudios de prevención (estudios aleatorizados o cuasi-experimentales). Se incluyeron en esta revisión 10 estudios, siete aleatorizados y tres cuasi-experimentales, publicados de 2005 a enero de 2012. La mejoría en IMC y en el puntaje z de IMC entre los estudios fue inconsistente. Solamente dos estudios tenían un seguimiento de tres años y el más reciente estudio demostró un aumento en la frecuencia de niños clasificados como obesos. La calidad de la evidencia entre los estudios fue generalmente baja con respecto a la prevalencia de la obesidad infantil o al IMC (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Sobrepeso/prevenção & controle , Obesidade/prevenção & controle , Avaliação de Resultado de Ações Preventivas , Hispânico ou Latino/estatística & dados numéricos , Estados Unidos
7.
Nutr. hosp ; 27(5): 1422-1428, sept.-oct. 2012. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-110169

RESUMO

Introducción: La terapia de Soporte Social (SS) puede ser un método eficaz para la pérdida de peso en comparación con tratamientos convencionales (TC). Objetivo: Evaluar estudios aleatorios controlados para el tratamiento del sobrepeso y obesidad mediante una terapia de Soporte Social (SS). 
Metodología: Se revisaron todos los artículos originales publicados en MEDLINE/PubMed, SciELO, EBSCO, Google Scholar del 2000 hasta agosto de 2011; además, se incluyó uno referido en un metanálisis previo, de estudios aleatorios controlados sobre el efecto de la pérdida de peso con grupos de SS, con cinco meses de tratamiento, comparados con otra terapia o TC. Resultados: Se analizaron un total de ocho artículos. En general se puede observar una heterogeneidad en el diseño, los resultados, los componentes de las intervenciones, y las características culturales de la población. La diferencia de pérdida de peso entre los grupos de intervención y el control osciló entre 2,7 kg (24 m) y 8,3 kg (12 m). Sin embargo, a los grupos control no se les administró el TC recomendado. En dos trabajos no se describe enmascaramiento a la asignación, y en cuatro trabajos, no hubo cegamiento. En la mayoría de estudios la variación fue muy alta. Además, en dos estudios no se observaron diferencias significativas en la pérdida de peso, por lo que la calidad de la evidencia es baja. Conclusiones: Los resultados indican que se requieren estudios mejor diseñados y de más largo plazo que generen evidencias de mayor calidad y a más largo plazo (AU)


Introduction: Social Support (SS) therapy can be an effective method of weight loss compared with conventional treatment (CT). Objective: To evaluate RCT's using SS therapy on weight in subjects with overweight or obesity. Methodology: We reviewed all original articles published in MEDLINE/PubMed, SciELO, EBSCO, Google Scholar, from 2000 to August 2011, and one referred in a previous metanalisis, of RCT's of the effect of SS therapy on weight loss, with at least five months of treatment, compared with another therapy or a CT. Results: Eight articles were analyzed. It was observed heterogeneity in the design, differences in the components of the interventions, and cultural characteristics of the population. The difference between groups in weight loss in five out of seven studies, ranged from 2.3 kg (24 m) to 8.3 kg (12 m). However, the treatment in the control groups did not meet the accepted recommended guidelines. There was no allocation concealment in two studies, and no blindness in four. Most studies showed large dispersion in the results. Therefore, the quality of the evidence is low. Conclusions: These results warrant further and better design and longer term studies to generate higher quality evidence (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Obesidade/terapia , Apoio Social , Redução de Peso , Sobrepeso/terapia , Avaliação de Resultado de Ações Preventivas
8.
Nutr. hosp ; 27(4): 964-970, jul.-ago. 2012.
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-106237

RESUMO

Objetivo: Determinar la efectividad del consumo a largo plazo de nueces, semillas y aceites (NSA) sobre el peso corporal, glucosa y nivel de lípidos en población adulta. Métodos: Se buscaron los artículos en inglés publicados en Pubmed y Ebsco hasta mayo del 2011. Se incluyeron los ensayos clínicos aleatorios de 24 semanas o más de intervención. Los términos de búsqueda fueron "diabetes mellitus", "Nuts", "Mediterranean Diet", "Seeds", "Oils", "Canola oil", "Olive oil", "Walnut", "Almond", "Pistachio", "Paleolithic diet", "High monounsaturated diet", "high polyunsaturated diet", "High polyunsaturated diet", "Soya" and "Sunflower". Resultados: 13 estudios cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión, ocho fueron de 24 semanas de intervención, uno de 42 semanas, uno de 48 semanas, tres de 52 o más semanas. En los estudios de 24 semanas de intervención hubo un incremento consistente de las HDL y una disminución no consistente de peso, índice de masa corporal, índice de cintura cadera, A1C, colesterol total, LDL: HDL, LDL, triglicéridos y presión arterial diastólica . En cuatro estudios de 42 semanas o más de intervención no se observaron diferencias significativas y en uno se observó disminución de peso, glucosa, insulina, colesterol total, HDL: Colesterol, triglicéridos y presión arterial. Conclusión: No se encontraron suficientes evidencias que permitan afirmar que con el consumo de NSA a largo plazo se observen cambios favorables sobre el peso, la glucosa o los lípidos en sangre (AU)


Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of long-term consumption of nuts, seeds and vegetable oil (NSO) on weight, glucose, and lipid levels. Methods: We searched English articles published in Pubmed and Ebsco up to May 2011. Studies were included if they were randomized clinical trials, and had an intervention period of 24 or more weeks. Search terms include: "diabetes mellitus", "Nuts", "Diet Mediterranean", "Seeds", "Oils", "Canola oil", "Olive oil","Walnut", "Almond", "Pistachio", "Paleolithic diet", "High monounsaturated diet", "High polyunsaturated diet", "Soya" and "Sunflower". Results: Thirteen studies met the inclusion criteria; eight studies had a 24 weeks intervention period, one had 42 weeks, one had 48 weeks, and for the other three the intervention lasted 52 or more weeks. At 24 weeks a consistent increase of HDL levels and inconsistent improvement of weight, BMI, waist to hip index, A1C, total cholesterol, LDL: HDL, LDL, triglycerides, and diastolic blood pressure was observed. Four studies with an intervention > 48 weeks showed no statistical difference, and in one study a reduction of weight, BMI, waist hip index, glucose, insulin, total cholesterol, HDL: cholesterol, triglycerides, and blood pressure was observed. Conclusion: No evidence of long-term improvement of NSO on weight, glucose or lipids in the adult population was found(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Peso Corporal , Índice Glicêmico , Lipídeos/sangue , 24457 , Sementes , Nozes , Avaliação de Eficácia-Efetividade de Intervenções , Biomarcadores/análise
9.
Nutr. hosp ; 27(3): 755-762, mayo-jun. 2012. ilus, tab
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-106213

RESUMO

Background: The objective of this study, focused on parents and children to reduce sedentary behavior, consumption of soft drinks and high-fat and salt containing snacks, and increase the consumption of fruits and vegetables, was to assess the effect of a six month intervention and an 18 month follow-up intervention on the body mass index, food consumption and physical activity of 2nd and 3rd grade elementary school children. Methods: This was a randomized cluster controlled trial. School children were selected from 2nd and 3rd (n = 532) grade. Measurements: BMI z-score for age and sex was calculated and classified according to the WHO (2006). Abdominal obesity was defined as WC > 90th of NHANES III. Results: At six months of the study differences were observed in BMI, -0.82 (p = 0.0001). At 24 months, results such as an increase of z-score BMI and waist circumference, a decrease in abdominal obesity, eighth per cent remission and an incidence of 18% of overweight and obesity were observed. Additionally, an increase (p = 0.007) in vegetable intake and physical activity (p = 0.0001) was also reported, along with a decrease in sedentary activities and the consumption of snacks high in fat and salt. Conclusions: The results of this study indicate that with a comprehensive intervention there is a positive response to lifestyle changes and a reduction of abdominal obesity (AU)


Introducción: El objetivo de este estudio, dirigido a padres y niños para reducir las conductas sedentarias, el consumo de refrescos y de botanas con alto contenido de grasa y sal, y aumentar el consumo de frutas y verduras, fue valorar el efecto de una intervención de seis meses, con un seguimiento de 18 meses, sobre el índice de masa corporal, el consumo de alimentos, y la actividad física de niños de segundo y tercero de primaria. Métodos: Es un estudio controlado, aleatorizado por conglomerados. Se seleccionaron niños de 2.o y 3.er (n = 532) grado. Medidas: se calculó el z-score de índice de masa corporal (IMC) para la edad y el sexo y se clasificaron de acuerdo a los criterios de la OMS (2006). La obesidad abdominal se definió como la circunferencia de cintura > percentile 90 del NHANES III. Resultados: A los seis meses del estudio, se observaron diferencias de IMC, -0,82 (p = 0,0001). A los 24 meses, se observó un aumento del IMC z-score y de circunferencia de cintura, una disminución de la obesidad abdominal, remisión de 8% y una incidencia de 18 % de sobrepeso y obesidad. Además, un aumento (p = 0,007) en el consumo de verduras y en la actividad física (p = 0,0001), así como una disminución en actividades sedentarias y en el consumo de botanas altas en grasa y sal. Conclusiones: Los resultados de este estudio indican que con una intervención integral hay respuestas positivas en cambios en el estilo de vida y una moderada reducción de obesidad abdominal (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Obesidade/prevenção & controle , Programas Gente Saudável/estatística & dados numéricos , Avaliação de Resultado de Ações Preventivas , Distribuição Aleatória , Estilo de Vida , México/epidemiologia , Serviços de Saúde Escolar
10.
Nutr Hosp ; 27(5): 1415-21, 2012.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23478686

RESUMO

The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review of childhood obesity interventions among Hispanic children in the United States. An electronic search was conducted to identify articles published in the PubMED, CINAHL and EBSCO databases. Keyword that used included "Latino", "Hispanic", "childhood", "obesity", "interventions". The inclusion criteria were: published in English from January 2001 to January 2012, studies equal or longer than 6 months of follow-up, Hispanic children and obesity prevention studies (RCT or Quasi-experimental studies). We found 10 studies for inclusion in this review, seven RCT and three Quasi-experimental studies, published from 2005 to January 2012. Overall, improvements in BMI and z-BMI across studies were inconsistent. Only two studies had a follow-up of 3 years, and the most recent study showed an increase in the proportion of children classified as obese. The overall quality rate of evidence with respect to reducing BMI or the prevalence of childhood obesity was low.


Assuntos
Hispânico ou Latino/estatística & dados numéricos , Sobrepeso/prevenção & controle , Obesidade Pediátrica/prevenção & controle , Adolescente , Índice de Massa Corporal , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Sobrepeso/epidemiologia , Obesidade Pediátrica/epidemiologia , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como Assunto , Projetos de Pesquisa , Estados Unidos/epidemiologia
11.
Nutr Hosp ; 27(5): 1422-8, 2012.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23478687

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Social Support (SS) therapy can be an effective method of weight loss compared with conventional treatment (CT). OBJECTIVE: To evaluate RCT's using SS therapy on weight in subjects with overweight or obesity. METHODOLOGY: We reviewed all original articles published in MEDLINE/PubMed, SciELO, EBSCO, Google Scholar, from 2000 to August 2011, and one referred in a previous metanalisis, of RCT's of the effect of SS therapy on weight loss, with at least five months of treatment, compared with another therapy or a CT. RESULTS: Eight articles were analyzed. It was observed heterogeneity in the design, differences in the components of the interventions, and cultural characteristics of the population. The difference between groups in weight loss in five out of seven studies, ranged from 2.3 kg (24 m) to 8.3 kg (12 m). However, the treatment in the control groups did not meet the accepted recommended guidelines. There was no allocation concealment in two studies, and no blindness in four. Most studies showed large dispersion in the results. Therefore, the quality of the evidence is low. CONCLUSIONS: These results warrant further and better design and longer term studies to generate higher quality evidence.


Assuntos
Apoio Social , Redução de Peso/fisiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Método Duplo-Cego , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Obesidade/terapia , Sobrepeso/reabilitação , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como Assunto/normas , Projetos de Pesquisa , Adulto Jovem
12.
Nutr Hosp ; 27(6): 1894-9, 2012.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23588436

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: It has been reported that children nursed in orphanages loose one month of lineal growth for every three months they spend in the orphanage. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the daily variation of weight- for- length and length-for-age among infants under 24 months of age, living in a temporary public orphanage in Mexico. METHODS: Ninety children from 0 to 24 months of age, who were institutionalized at an orphanage, were assessed during a three month period. Upon arrival their height and weight were measured daily, Monday through Friday. Daily growth velocity for weight and length was calculated. Length-for age (LAZ) and weight-for-length (WHZ) age z- scores were calculated based on WHO criteria. Risk of overweight (ROW) and overweight (OW) were classified using the WHO criteria. RESULTS: The increments of daily weight were lower than the normal range (9 g daily), but the ROW and OW increased from 10% and 3% at the beginning of the study to 14% and 11% at the end. At the end of the follow-up, WHZ was inversely associated to length (cm/day) velocity (r = -302, p < 0.01). Although a significant increase in ROW and OW was observed, at the end of the study, 31% of the children showed signs of stunting (-2 SD in length-age) and 5% remained emaciated (-2 SD in weight-length). CONCLUSIONS: Children living in an orphanage showed reduced increments of weight and length-for-age, as well as a reduced length velocity and an increased ROW and OW.


Assuntos
Estatura/fisiologia , Crescimento/fisiologia , Sobrepeso/epidemiologia , Envelhecimento/fisiologia , Peso Corporal/fisiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Estudos Longitudinais , Masculino , México , Orfanatos , Risco
13.
Arch. latinoam. nutr ; 61(4): 382-388, dic. 2011. ilus, graf, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-702754

RESUMO

The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of parents to estimate the weight status of preschool children attending the Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS) day-care centers using three different tools. A total of 100 parent-child pairs attending to all the existing IMSS day-care centers in Ensenada (n=9) completed a questionnaire on the perception of children’s weight status using verbal description, sketches, and pictures. Chi squared test and univariate logistic regression was applied to assess the difference in perception between the tools used, the factors associated with the weight status perception and to identify predictors of parental underestimation of their child’s weight. The sample size was estimated for a significance level of 0.05 with statistical power of 80%. No significant differences were found in the perception of weight status using different tools. The parents’ underestimation of the child’s weight status ranged from 51 to 59%, this percentage jumps to 79 to 84% in overweight children and 82 to 91% in obese children. Being a young mother and having a daughter increased the risk of underestimation. Higher odds of underestimation were found in > 2BMI z-score. The high underestimation found in this study shows that the ability of parents in signaling an alert to prevent childhood obesity might be highly reduced and preventive health programs should include increasing the weight status perception.


El objetivo de este estudio es evaluar la habilidad de los padres para estimar el peso corporal de niños preescolares que acuden a guarderías del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social utilizando tres instrumentos diferentes. Un total de 100 parejas padre-hijo que acudían a todas las guarderías del IMSS en Ensenada (n=9) completó un cuestionario acerca de la percepción del peso corporal utilizando descripción verbal, pictogramas y fotografías. Se usó la prueba de Ji cuadrada y regresión logística univariada para valorar la diferencia en la percepción entre los instrumentos utilizados, los factores asociados con la percepción del peso corporal y para identificar los predictores de la subestimación por parte de los padres del peso corporal de sus hijos. El tamaño de la muestra se estimó para un nivel de significancia de 0.05 con un poder estadístico del 80%. No se encontraron diferencias significativas en la percepción del peso con el uso de las diferentes herramientas. La subestimación de los padres del peso de los niños con las diferentes herramientas osciló entre 51 y 59%, y este porcentaje se incrementó a 79 al 84% en niños con sobrepeso y a 82 al 91% en niños con obesidad. El riesgo a subestimar se incrementa en las niñas, cuando las madres son más jóvenes, y cuando los niños tienen un puntaje z de IMC > 2. El alto grado de subestimación encontrado en este estudio indica que la habilidad de los padres para detectar la obesidad en los niños es muy baja, por lo que los programas de prevención a la salud deben incluir mejorar la percepción del peso.


Assuntos
Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Peso Corporal , Pais , Percepção de Peso , Creches , México , Fatores Socioeconômicos
14.
Nutr. hosp ; 26(6): 1242-1249, nov.-dic. 2011. ilus, tab
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-104795

RESUMO

Objective: The aim of this systematic review was to examine randomized clinical trials (RCT) regarding long-term effects of weight loss (WL) on biological markers in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Methods: We searched for articles published in English and Spanish recorded in the databases of Pubmed and Cochrane , and the journal collections platforms of Ebsco and Scielo between January 1, 2000 and January 1, 2010.Inclusion criteria included RCT with follow-up ≥ 12months. Results: A total of 842 articles were identified, 95 of them contained information on the effect of WL on biological markers. Twenty studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. WL percentage ranged from 0.8 to 20%. A reduction of A1C was observed in nine studies, blood glucose in seven, of total cholesterol and LDL in four, systolic and diastolic blood pressure in three, and the use of hypoglycemic drugs in four; an increase of HDL was observed in seven studies. Remission of T2DM was reported in only one study, which included surgical treatment. The quality of the studies ranged from very low to high; however, the study with the longest follow-up that did not involve surgical treatment, was 52 months. Conclusion: The evidence of the beneficial effect of WL on biological markers on long-term studies in people withT2DM is inconclusive. These results warrant longer and better designed studies


Objetivo: El propósito de esta revisión sistemática es evaluar ensayos clínicos aleatorios (ECA) acerca de los efectos a largo plazo de la pérdida de peso en los marcadores biológicos en personas con diabetes mellitus tipo 2(DM2).Métodos: Se buscaron estudios publicados en Inglés o Español registrados en la base de datos de Pubmed y Cochrane, y en las plataformas de acceso a colecciones de revistas Scielo y EBSCO, del 1° de Enero de 2000 al 1° de Enero de 2010. Los criterios de inclusión fueron ECA con un seguimiento ≥ a 12 meses. Resultados: Se identificó un total de 842 artículos, de los cuales 95 trataban del efecto de la pérdida de peso en los marcadores biológicos. Veinte estudios cumplieron con todos los criterios de inclusión. La pérdida de peso osciló entre 0,8 y 20%. Se observó una reducción de laA1C en nueve estudios, de glucosa sanguínea en siete, colesterol total y LDL en cuatro, presión arterial sistólica y diastólica en tres y el uso de medicamentos hipoglucemiantes en cuatro; y un incremento en los niveles de HDL en siete estudios. La remisión de la DM2 se reportó únicamente en un estudio y era de tratamiento quirúrgico. La calidad de los estudios osciló de muy bajo a alto; sin embargo el estudio con mayor seguimiento que no era de tratamiento quirúrgico fue de 52 meses. Conclusión: La evidencia de que la pérdida de peso tiene un efecto benéfico en los marcadores biológicos en personas con DM2 a largo plazo no es concluyente. Estos resultados muestran la necesidad de más estudios bien diseñados y a largo plazo (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Hiperglicemia/prevenção & controle , Redução de Peso/fisiologia , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/fisiopatologia , Biomarcadores/análise
15.
Nutr. hosp ; 26(6): 1250-1255, nov.-dic. 2011. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-104796

RESUMO

Objetivo: El propósito de esta revisión sistemática es evaluar estudios acerca del efecto de los anuncios de alimentos en TV sobre las preferencias y el consumo de alimentos en diferentes grupos de edad. Métodos: Se realizó una búsqueda de ensayos aleatorios controlados publicados en Pubmed, Ebsco, Cochrane, Scielo hasta Noviembre del 2010. Se incluyeron aquéllos que evaluaran el efecto de la exposición directa a anuncios de alimentos en TV sobre las preferencias, demanda, compra y consumo. Resultados: Diez estudios cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión. En los tres estudios que evaluaron el efecto de la exposición a anuncios de alimentos en preescolares se observó un aumento en la selección y demanda de los alimentos. Todos los cinco estudios realizados en escolares presentaron resultados negativos en los expuestos a alimentación no saludable. De los tres estudios realizados en adultos, dos reportaron un mayor consumo de los alimentos anunciados en el grupo expuesto. Conclusión: Los estudios evaluados demuestran que en preescolares y escolares el efecto de los anuncios sobre el consumo de alimentos es consistente, mientras que en adultos los resultados apuntan hacia una fuerte asociación entre la exposición a los anuncios de alimentos en TV con la preferencia, consumo y demanda por los alimentos anunciados (AU)


Objective: The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review of papers that assess the effect of television food advertisings (TFA) in the food preferences and consumption in different age groups. Methods: Randomized clinical trials published up to November 2010 were searched in Pubmed, Ebsco, Cochrane and Scielo. Studies were included if they assessed the effect of direct exposition to TFA over the food preferences, demand, and consumption. Results: Ten studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. In the three studies conducted on preschooler children an increase in selection and demand of advertized foods was reported. All the fives studies conducted on scholar children reported negative outcomes in those children exposed to unhealthy food. An increase on food consumption was observed in two of the three studies conducted on adults. Conclusion: The assess studies show that in preschool and school children the effect of advertising on food consumption was consistent, while in adults there is a trend toward an strong association of exposure food advertising and preference, consumption and demand of the food advertised (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Publicidade de Alimentos , Preferências Alimentares , Comportamento Alimentar/psicologia , Promoção da Saúde Alimentar e Nutricional , Impacto Psicossocial
16.
Nutr. hosp ; 26(6): 1256-1259, nov.-dic. 2011. ilus, tab
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-104797

RESUMO

The rationale for the use of high-protein diets is that they offer a higher level of satiety for a longer period of time when compared with carbohydrates or fats; this diminishes calorie consumption in the long-run. The purpose of this review was to assess the efficacy of long-term randomized clinical trials. We used Pubmed, EBSCO and SCIELO to conduct our searches. Inclusion criteria were: randomized clinical trials conducted in adults, with an intervention/follow-up of at least 24 weeks, stating the specific amount of energy protein (in percentages) in the diet; with a control group with either a conventional energy restricted diet or a high-fat/high-carbohydrate diet, also the studies should provide at least body weight or body mass index (BMI) at the beginning and at the end of the intervention. A total of 481 studies were found. Eight studies met the inclusion criteria. Weight loss difference in those with the highest weight loss with the high protein diet ranged from 3.7 kg in a six month trial to 1.2kg in a 17 month trial. The average weight loss of the eight studies in the high-protein diet was 6.3 kg and in the standard diet was 5.0 kg. Although half of the studies showed a higher weight loss with a high-protein diet, three out of four studies with the longest intervention show no statistical difference in weight loss. In this systematic review it was observed that the long-term effect of high-protein diets is neither consistent nor conclusive (AU)


La justificación para el uso de dietas altas en proteínas(DAP) es que las proteínas ofrecen una mayor saciedad por un periodo prolongado de tiempo comparado con carbohidratos o lípidos, lo que disminuye la ingesta calórica a largo plazo. El propósito de esta revisión fue evaluar la eficacia a largo plazo de las DAP, en ensayos clínicos aleatorizados (RCT en inglés). Se realizaron las búsquedas en Pubmed, EBSCO y SCIELO. Los criterios de inclusión fueron: RCT, adultos, intervención y seguimiento igual o mayor de 24 semanas, estudios que presentaran la cantidad de proteína (en porcentajes) en la dieta, la presencia de un grupo control con una dieta convencional restringida en energía o una dieta alta en lípidos/carbohidratos. Además, la inclusión de peso corporal o índice de masa corporal al inicio y al final de la intervención. Se encontraron 481 estudios. Ocho estudios cumplieron los criterios de inclusión. La diferencia de la pérdida de peso en aquellos con la mayor pérdida con la DAP varió de 3,7 kg en un estudio de seis meses a 1,2 kg en un estudio de diecisiete meses. La pérdida de peso promedio de los ocho estudios en el grupo de DAP fue 6,3 kg y en la dieta estándar fue 5,0 kg. La mitad de los estudios mostró una mayor pérdida de peso en la DAP, tres de los cuatro estudios con mayor tiempo de intervención no muestran diferencia significativa en la pérdida de peso. En conclusión, se observó que el efecto a largo plazo de las DAP no es consistente ni concluyente. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Proteínas na Dieta/análise , Redução de Peso/fisiologia , Sobrepeso/dietoterapia , Dieta Redutora/métodos , Sobrepeso/fisiopatologia
17.
Nutr. hosp ; 26(6): 1260-1265, nov.-dic. 2011. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-104798

RESUMO

Introducción: Los reemplazos dietéticos (RD) se han utilizado para substituir una o dos comidas al día. Sin embargo, pocos estudios aleatorios han valorado su eficacia a largo plazo. Objetivo: Valorar el efecto de los RD sobre la pérdida de peso a largo plazo (≥ 1 año), en personas con sobrepeso y obesidad, con y sin diabetes. Metodología: Se realizó una revisión de todos los ensayos clínicos aleatorios de uno o más años de intervención, publicados hasta Noviembre del 2010, y registrados en las siguientes bases de datos: Pubmed, EBSCO host y SciELO. Los términos Me SH utilizados fueron “weightloss”, “overweight”, “obesity” y “diabetes”, además del término “meal replacement”. Para evaluar la calidad de los estudios, se utilizó la escala de GRADE. Resultados: Se encontraron siete ensayos clínicos aleatorios que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión. Sólo cuatro de los estudios mostraron mayor pérdida de peso con las dietas con RD, en tres no se observaron diferencias significativas. Los dos estudios de mayor calidad presentaron resultados inconsistentes. Conclusión: No existe evidencia suficiente que respalde la eficacia del uso de RD sobre la pérdida de peso a largo plazo. Por lo que se requiere estudios mejor diseñados, con seguimiento a largo plazo (AU)


Meal replacement (MR) has been frequently used to substitute one or more meals during the day. However, few randomized long-term studies have assessed its efficacy. Objective: To asses meal replacement use and its effectiveness on long-term weight loss (> 1 year) in overweight and obese people with or without diabetes. Methods: A search of randomized clinical trials with an intervention period equal to or more than a year, published on Pubmed, EBSCO host and SciELO through November2010 was performed. Mesh terms such as “meal replacement”, “weight loss,” “overweight,” “obesity” and “diabetes” were used, plus the term “meal replacement.”GRADE scale was used to assess the quality of the studies. Results: Seven studies met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed. It was observed that four of the studies showed a major weight loss in meal replacement groups, but in the other four studies no significant difference in weight loss was found. Conclusion: The evidence of the beneficial effect of meal replacement on long-term weight loss is inconclusive. These results warrant longer and better design studies (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Alimentos Formulados/análise , Redução de Peso/fisiologia , Obesidade/dietoterapia , Tempo , Dieta Redutora/métodos
18.
Nutr. hosp ; 26(6): 1266-1269, nov.-dic. 2011. tab
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-104799

RESUMO

Objective: The short duration or lack of breastfeeding has been associated with maternal obesity. The purpose of this study was to systematically review prospective studies that assessed the effect of maternal obesity on lactation. Methods: A search of studies was conducted in Pubmed, these included prospective studies on maternal obesity and initiation, intention and duration of breastfeeding: 653 articles were found, only seven were prospective studies. After adding other studies found by hand, a total of nine studies were analyzed. Results: Three out of four papers observed a higher risk for delay lactogenesis among obese mothers, oddsratio ranging from 1.02 to 1.10. The study assessing the initiation of lactation showed that non-obese mothers initiated lactation sooner, OR: 0.39 (95% CI: 0.25-0.62). The overall risk for cessation of breastfeeding showed that obese mothers had higher risks of early cessation, HR:1.50 (CI 95% 1.11-2.04). In one study it was observed that obese mothers were not more likely to never breastfeed, OR = 1.56 (95% CI: 0.97-1.50). Conclusions: This review shows that in prospective studies, obese mothers are more likely to have delayed lactogenesis and reduced lactation. Therefore, weight control and breastfeeding promotion should be reinforced before and during pregnancy. In overweight and obese mothers, breastfeeding should be closely monitored after birth (AU)


Objetivo: La falta de lactancia o su corta duración has ido asociada con la obesidad materna. El propósito de este estudio fue realizar una revisión sistemática de estudios prospectivos que estudiaron el efecto de la obesidad materna sobre la lactancia. Métodos: Se realizó una búsqueda en Pubmed, se incluyeron estudios prospectivos del efecto de la obesidad materna sobre la iniciación, la intención y la duración dela lactancia: se encontraron 653 artículos, y siete fueron estudios prospectivos. Después de agregar otros estudios seleccionados a mano, se analizaron nueve estudios. Resultados: Tres de cuatro estudios observaron un mayor riesgo de retraso de la lactogénesis en madres obesas, OR:1,02 a 1,10. El estudio que analizó la iniciación de la lactancia describió que las madres no obesas iniciaron la lactancia más temprano, OR: 0,39 (95% CI: 0,25-0,62). El riesgo determinación temprana de la lactancia fue mayor en madres obesas, HR: 1,50 (CI 95% 1,11-2,04). En un estudio se observó que las madres obesas no tenían más probabilidades de no lactar, OR = 1,56 (95% CI: 0,97-1,50). Conclusiones: Esta revisión realizada en estudios prospectivos indica que, es más probable que las madres obesas tengan lactogénesis atrasada o un periodo corto de lactancia. Por lo tanto, el control de peso y la promoción de la lactancia deben reforzarse antes y durante el embarazo. Enmadres con sobrepeso y obesidad, la lactancia debe de ser promovida y supervisada después de nacimiento (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Aleitamento Materno , Obesidade/complicações , Leite Humano , Estudos Prospectivos
19.
Nutr. hosp ; 26(6): 1270-1276, nov.-dic. 2011. ilus, tab
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-104800

RESUMO

Introduction: Low carbohydrate diets (LCD) have shown beneficial effects on short-term weight reduction programs for obese individuals without diabetes, but the long-term evidence of efficacy on individuals with type 2diabetes is not conclusive. Objective: To evaluate, the effectiveness of 12 or more weeks of LCD compared to Low Fat Diet (LFD), Usual Care Diet (UCD) or Low Glycemic Index Diet (LGID) on weight reduction and AIC on type 2 diabetes individuals. Methods: A systematic review was conducted on randomized trials registered in PubMed, Cochrane and EBSCO host from January 1st2000 to January 1st2010including those with an intervention program with LCD in type 2 diabetes subjects and a follow-up 12 weeks. Available data on study design; carbohydrate composition of diet; duration of diet; and the outcomes of weight, lipid levels (total, low density lipoprotein and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides), hemoglobin A1C percent and/or fasting glucose were extracted. Results: Five studies showed greater weight reduction with LCD, of which four demonstrated no significant difference. The longest trial intervention studies did not show a difference in weight change. Only two studies showed greater reduction of A1C with LCD, including the longest intervention trial with a low carbohydrate Mediterranean diet. Conclusions: This review shows that there are no consistent differences in weight and A1C changes over the long-term treatment with LCD and LFD, UCD or LGID (AU)


Introducción: Las dietas bajas en carbohidratos han demostrado, a corto plazo, efectos benéficos sobre la pérdida de peso en individuos obesos sin diabetes, sin embargo la evidencia sobre su efectividad a largo plazo en individuos con diabetes tipo 2 no es concluyente. Objetivo: Evaluar el efecto de dietas bajas en carbohidratos (DBC) en intervenciones mayores a 12 semanas comparadas con dietas bajas en grasas (DBG), dietas de cuidado común (DCC) o dietas con bajo índice glicémico (DBIG), sobre la pérdida de peso y la hemoglobina glucosilada (A1C) en individuos con diabetes tipo 2.Métodos: Se realizó una revisión sistemática de estudios aleatorizados publicados en PubMed, Cochrane y EBSCO host del 1º de Enero del 2000 al 1º de Enero del2010. Se extrajeron datos sobre el diseño del estudio, la composición de carbohidratos de la dieta, la duración de la dieta y resultados de cambios en peso, en porcentaje deA1C, glucosa en ayuno y lípidos sanguíneos. Resultados: Cinco estudios mostraron mayor reducción de peso con DBC, de los cuales cuatro no demostraron diferencia estadística. El estudio de mayor tiempo de intervención no mostró diferencia en la pérdida de peso. Únicamente dos estudios mostraron mayor reducción en el porcentaje de A1C con DBC, incluyendo el estudio de mayor tiempo de intervención. Conclusiones: Esta revisión muestra la falta de consistencia en las diferencias sobre los cambios en el peso y laA1C en intervenciones con seguimiento mayor de 12semanas con DBC comparadas con DBG, DCC o DBIG (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/dietoterapia , Dieta para Diabéticos/métodos , Dieta com Restrição de Carboidratos , Complicações do Diabetes/dietoterapia , Dieta com Restrição de Gorduras , Redução de Peso
20.
Nutr Hosp ; 26(2): 265-70, 2011.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21666961

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this systematic review was to assess physical activity promotion programs in school children from 6 to 12 years old. METHODS: Randomized and non-randomized controlled trials of physical activity studies with an intervention period equal to or more than 12 months, published in the databases of MEDLINE/PubMed, SciELO, EBSCO and SPORTDiscus through may 2010 were searched. RESULTS: Seven studies were analyzed. Overall, the study design, the follow-up periods, the ethnic characteristics of the population, and the instruments used to evaluate the interventions were heterogeneous. The outcomes showed moderate impact of intervention programs to increase the physical activity in children and adolescents. In two of the studies was observed an increase in the physical activity and in five of the studies no significant difference in the physical activity assessed with accelerometers and pedometers. CONCLUSION: In five out of seven studies it was not shown statistical differences in cpm, including the longest experimental study. These results suggest the need of designing studies including modifications in different environments.


Assuntos
Atividade Motora , Instituições Acadêmicas , Criança , Exercício Físico , Seguimentos , Humanos , Aptidão Física , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como Assunto , Resultado do Tratamento
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